{"id":14398,"date":"2020-04-20T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-21\/"},"modified":"2020-05-22T11:04:33","modified_gmt":"2020-05-22T11:04:33","slug":"diari-de-les-idees-21","status":"publish","type":"newspaper","link":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-21\/","title":{"rendered":"Diari de les idees 21"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In this edition of the Diari de las Idees<\/em> the selection of articles is again determined by the repercussions of the pandemic, which since the Wuhan outbreak, is affecting the whole population of practically the whole planet. Several EU countries seem to have reached the peak of the epidemic and are entering a phase of stabilization and progressive de-escalation of infections. The next challenge now is to address the phase of progressive de-escalation of quarantined populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One aspect to be highlighted from the data that we are learning about and that will have to be carefully analyzed is the great disparity in terms of contagion, deaths and mortality rates between the different European countries, even with significant regional differences within their borders. Thus, for example, in France the region most affected is the Grand Est, bordering Germany, which is one of the countries in Europe with the least number of infections and deaths and with a mortality rate of 2.7%, while the southwestern regions bordering Spain, one of the countries most affected, have much lower figures, according to data from the Covid-19 Le Grand Continent<\/a> observatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The situation in Germany, according to the opinions of the experts reported, for example, in the Financial Times<\/a><\/em>, is explained by a massive application of screening tests from the first weeks, an extensive public and private health network that has not suffered the onslaught of the austerity policies of the last 10 years that have hit other countries, and by the low intergenerational transmission of the virus, among other factors because of a greater emancipation of the young population that has less family contact with the older population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The case of Portugal also attracts attention as it has been evaluated very positively from different countries and institutions and is situated at the opposite end of the German situation. In Portugal the number of positive cases is much lower, but above all the number of deaths is particularly low. With a mortality rate of 3.3%, the European average is 8.6% (10.4% in Spain, 12.8% in France and 13% in Italy and the United Kingdom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from the scientific reasoning contained in a  report<\/a> by Professor In\u00eas Fronteira, an epidemiologist at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, various elements allow a first analysis to be made:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) In the initial phase of the contagion, they immediately activated the primary care network, which has allowed many people to start attending and do home treatment; (In Catalonia we have closed the centres of primary assistance)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Decreed the state of alarm on the same day as Spain, on March 13, when only 11 days had passed from the first imported case (in Spain 28 days had passed); when the state of emergency is decreed in Portugal there are 112 positive cases and no deaths (in Spain there were already 6,000 infections and 132 deaths); the alarming news that came from Italy and Spain caused many schools and shops to close before the state of emergency;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Very few people have a second residence in Portugal, so there was no effect of fleeing to other regions (unlike Spain, Italy and France);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) The Portuguese are highly disciplined and strictly follow the rules;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) An indirect reason, but one that allows the government to work more serenely, is that the entire opposition has closed ranks with the prime minister, as evidenced by the already famous statements by opposition chief Rui Rio addressed to prime minister Ant\u00f3nio Costa: “I wish you courage, nerves of steel and good luck, because your luck will be that of all of us.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, the case of another country in southern Europe, savagely hit by the 2008 financial crisis, also stands out. Greece, for the moment, has a very controlled pandemic. Only 101 deaths and 2,170 cases of contagion are counted (with a mortality rate of 4.6%), despite a precarious health system weakened by budget cuts and the departure abroad of about 20,000 doctors since 2010. As Alexandros Kott reviews in the magazine Slate<\/em><\/a>, there also the rapid reaction of the government largely explains the minor impact of the Covid-19. Thus, despite widespread protests, the Patras Carnival, the most important in the country, was canceled by the authorities in late February and schools were closed when no deaths had yet occurred and fewer than 100 identified cases had been declared. On March 15, air communications with Spain and Italy were cut and a strict quarantine was decreed in the areas most affected by the epidemic in the north of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To conclude this section of figures, it should be mentioned that as a consequence of the change in the method of counting infections and deaths by the Health Ministry of the Catalan Government<\/a> at the time of closing this edition of the Diari de les idees<\/em>, the total number of victims of coronavirus in Catalonia is much higher than we knew until now. The number of Covid-19 deaths in the country is 7,097, double what the data based on the previous count system announced. Similarly, the number of confirmed positives rises to 94,832, almost triple the number previously known. The great disparity between the figures is due to the fact that until now only deaths were reported in hospitals, that is, those patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who had died in health centers in Catalonia. But other deaths were not taken into account (in residences or in private homes). Nor were those cases that were suspected, in home isolation, pending the test, included in the count. The new procedure is therefore better suited to the needs of a pandemic situation such as the current one, and allows for more comprehensive and reliable information. Meanwhile, the State as a whole continues with the usual count, which only takes into account confirmed cases and people who have died in the hospital, which surely hides the extent of the pandemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The multidimensional crisis unleashed by coronavirus is deranging all the stability, efficiency and capacity of current healthcare systems. It is increasingly evident that it is not possible to privatize health without paying a very high price and that public health is a basic and strategic common good and a crucial factor for human security. In this sense, it is worth noting the lack of leadership or the failures of the World Health Organization, as an article by Stephen Buranyi in The Guardian<\/em><\/a>, analyzes in depth, where he highlights that unlike other international organizations such as the World Organization of Commerce, the WHO guidelines are not binding and the organization does not have sanctioning power over its members. Furthermore, its annual budget of about $ 2 billion in 2019 is distributed among a vast and heterogeneous range of research and public health projects. To finish riveting the nail, the WHO is now even more weakened by the announcement by US President Donald Trump to freeze the US contribution in its financing and which many voices around the world have already described as a “crime against humanity” as stressed by Time<\/a><\/em>. On the other hand, when the peak of the crisis has passed, it will also be advisable to pay more attention to the pharmaceutical sector, especially regarding the supply of medicines and the development of vaccines. Marketing that is taking place in recent weeks with the purchase of face masks and screening tests (with entire shipments changing destinations at the foot of the runway at airports), many countries are no longer willing to depend on international supply chains that are may suddenly stop due to an emergency. An assessment that not only has to do with medical equipment, but also with sectors and strategic production chains and that may end up causing a reindustrialization of many countries, in the medium and long term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, we will have to be alert to the sociological and psychological repercussions of the confinement of almost a fifth of the world population. Indeed, as articles published in The Economist<\/em><\/a> and The New York Times<\/em><\/a>, emphasize, quarantines and “social distancing” and the political measures necessary to curb the spread of the new coronavirus, are against human nature itself as the Physical contact and relational networks are essential for the development of our lives and identities. While the magnitude of global confinement is unprecedented, a brief review of the psychological effects of quarantines published in the March 14 issue of the British medical journal The Lancet suggests that the impact of quarantines may be so severe that it can lead to a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Along these same lines, the international benchmark in green pedagogy, Heike Freire, reflects in Catorze<\/a>, on the effects of confinement on children and the need for the youngest children to go out for a while each day and criticizes their invisibility in the measures that the Spanish Government has taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the health crisis is controlled, attention will inevitably focus on the other major crises that follow. There are several projections of scenarios on the economic impact of the Covid-19 and for the moment they agree that the magnitude of the recession could be greater than that of the Great Depression of 1929. At the moment, IMF reports<\/a> foresee, in the most favorable scenario, a fall of 6% of world GDP, with an even more marked decline for the Spanish State that could reach 8% with an unemployment rate that would practically reach 21%. An economic crisis that, on the other hand, is already here, as evidenced by the fact that in Catalonia alone there are already 662,391 people affected by temporary employment regulation files or and almost 90,000 companies have registered an ERTE according to data from the Ministry of Job. All this is added to a very precarious and unstable previous context, as Francisco Valls underlines to El Pa\u00eds<\/em><\/a> despite the economic recovery and the macro figures, severe poverty -income less than 350 euros a month- still affects, according to data from the Generalitat itself, to 500,000 Catalans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding the debate on the exceptional plans to face the economic recession and the controversy over the implementation of the so-called coronabonds within the framework of the EU, the President of the European Commission has repeated in recent weeks that Europe needs a new Marshall Plan to face this crisis. However, most experts claim that the comparison between the Marshall Plan and the new EU budget is wrong since the money for the reconstruction of the European economy must come from the governments of the EU member states themselves, and not from a foreign government as it happened after the Second World War. On the other hand, and as Lili Bayer points out in Politico<\/em><\/a>, it is quite possible that on the horizon of the enormous crisis that is approaching, many governments will prefer to dedicate their economic and financial resources to the reconstruction of their own countries, rather than giving them up for increase the EU budget, as can be deduced from how the negotiations between the Eurogroup members are going.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An accumulation of crises that will have political consequences on many levels and that right now raises many questions: Which governments will fall as a result of instability and which will resist? Will the European Union survive in the current format or this time yes, will a profound reform be necessary? Will China quickly become the world’s leading power, ending the current bipolar interregnum? Will authoritarian models for crisis management be legitimized or will the democratic model prevail? Will the return of the State to a receding globalization be transitory or will a much more fragmented world be consolidated again? Will a new global governance emerge to meet new challenges?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also, in the context of the battle for world hegemony between political systems, the think tank Crisis Group suggests in an article in The Guardian<\/em><\/a>  that today two stories can be distinguished that compete against each other: the one that insists on that the countries should come together and coordinate to defeat Covid-19, and the other that advocates that countries should fight separately to better protect themselves. At the same time, the crisis also represents a strong test for the claims of efficiency of the states, as we have been saying in previous analyzes, both of the liberal and authoritarian models. It is evident that we are experiencing a turning point characterized by a clear departure from the prevailing policies and orthodoxies in recent decades. Social and economic actors and citizens look to the State to inject huge amounts of money into the economy and rescue (or nationalize) companies and essential sectors that are in danger. Once the crisis is over, it is expected that the massive intervention of the State will be reduced, but how to do it will then be a new topic of debate. In an article published in El Pa\u00eds<\/em><\/a>, Joschka Fischer, former foreign minister and vice chancellor of Germany between 1998 and 2005, believes that, ideally, governments will transfer the income generated by the re-privatization to a sovereign wealth fund, giving the public sector a part of the post-crisis settlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the more sociological point of view, Nicholas Wright in an article in Foreign Affairs<\/em><\/a>, wonders if the current of solidarity that is taking place in many countries will continue once the health alert has passed or if instead the economic crisis will end up causing the withdrawal social, identity and selfish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voices from philosophy and sociology emphasize that, whatever it may be; this planetary crisis should make us rethink our behaviors, ways of life and patterns of consumption, as well as changes in ways of thinking. Thus, in El diario<\/em><\/a>, \u00c1ngel Luis Lara warns that the main danger we have is to consider the new coronavirus as an isolated phenomenon, without history, without social, economic, or cultural context. Thus, it denounces the changes in ecosystems caused by humans and the development of an intensive livestock industry resulting from urbanization as the main causes of the pandemic. It also states that there is no normality to return to, since what we had normalized, it is precisely what has brought us to the situation we have today, and urges us to rescue from our forgetfulness, the concept of humankind and the notion of common good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek is particularly pessimistic in an article published in CTXT<\/em><\/a> magazine where he states that the worst threat posed by the virus is the appearance of a barbarism with a human face defined by the application of ruthless measures of survival imposed with compassion but legitimized by the opinions of the experts. Measures related to the decision of who is allowed to live and who is allowed to die that many governments are already adopting. In relation to this point, the French philosopher Edgar Morin<\/a> reflects on the effects of the coronavirus epidemic and warns against the dangers of social Darwinism and the destruction of the public fabric in health and education. In his opinion, the technical-economic unification of the world promoted by the aggressive capitalism of the 1990s has given birth to a planetary market that has created, in turn, a general fear of the future. A fear that is rooted in neoliberal economic development that has caused or accelerated the great problems that affect our planet: the deterioration of the biosphere, the general crisis of democracy, the increase in inequalities and injustices, the proliferation of armaments, and the new demagogic authoritarianisms. A diagnosis shared by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei<\/a> who believes that capitalism has come to an end and that it cannot continue to develop morally and ethically, while warning that global crises in the form of pandemics or climate disasters will not stop if we continue to violate many of the moral principles that structure us as human beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, the prestigious political philosopher John Gray affirms in an article published in the New Statesman<\/em><\/a> that the hyperglobalization of the last decades is over, that liberal capitalism is bankrupt and that we are witnessing a historical turning point that may mean a change of hegemony. He believes that an economic system based on global production and long supply chains is being transformed into a less interconnected one, and that the model of life driven by incessant mobility is stopping. He points out that our lives will be more physically limited and will be more virtual than before. A more fragmented world is being born, which, in some way, can be more resilient if societies know how to preserve their most essential values \u200b\u200bsuch as legitimacy and individual freedom, which, in addition to being valuable in itself, is the guarantee that can be exercise necessary control over governments. At a time like the present, but the value of security will prevail. Devastating. Along the same lines and reflecting on what freedoms we are willing to sacrifice in exchange for health and safety, Jacob Mchangama and Sarah McLaughlin at Foreign Policy<\/em><\/a>, wonder if we will allow governments and private companies to use our geolocation data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In short, the Covidien-19 that has just appeared and has only just begun to circulate, is much more than a health crisis. It will be a systemic crisis of dimensions yet to be revealed and, as the Nobel Prize winner for literature Olga Tocarczuk points out in Corriere della Sera<\/em><\/a>, the pandemic has caused the dissolution of the paradigm of civilization that has shaped us for the last 250 years and that had Made believe that we could do everything and that the world belonged to us.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this edition of the Diari de las Idees the selection of articles is again determined by the repercussions of the pandemic, which since the Wuhan outbreak, is affecting the whole population of practically the whole planet. Several EU countries seem to have reached the peak of the epidemic and are entering a phase of stabilization and progressive de-escalation of infections. The next challenge now is to address the phase of progressive de-escalation of quarantined populations. One aspect to be highlighted from the data that we are learning about and that will have to be carefully analyzed is the great\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":77128,"template":"","category_newspaper":[139],"segment":[],"subject":[226,263],"class_list":["post-14398","newspaper","type-newspaper","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_newspaper-139","subject-covid-19","subject-covid-19-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDiari de les idees 21 – IDEES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-21\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diari de les idees 21 – IDEES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this edition of the Diari de las Idees the selection of articles is again determined by the repercussions of the pandemic, which since the Wuhan outbreak, is affecting the whole population of practically the whole planet. 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