{"id":63778,"date":"2023-07-13T07:23:19","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T05:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-el-drama-migratori-previsible-i-evitable\/"},"modified":"2023-07-13T13:22:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T11:22:53","slug":"diari-de-les-idees-el-drama-migratori-previsible-i-evitable","status":"publish","type":"newspaper","link":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-el-drama-migratori-previsible-i-evitable\/","title":{"rendered":"Diari de les idees – The migration drama: predictable and avoidable"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As the tragedy of a few weeks ago off the Greek coast illustrates, deterrence measures do not stop irregular migration but force migrants into ever more dangerous routes. The whole of Europe should reflect on these repeated, predictable, and avoidable tragedies. The construction of walls and fences or the transfer of responsibility are nothing more than the justification of the so-called “Fortress Europe” strategy to isolate itself from the migratory impact of the global crises (political, social, economic, and climate), which have become one of the characteristic features of the 21st century geopolitical landscape. In this regard, the Global Trends report<\/a> corresponding to 2022, published by UNHCR in June, reveals a record increase of 19.1 million forced displacements compared to the previous year totalling 110 million worldwide. In addition, thus far, this year, there have been 1035 fatalities among migrants trying to reach Europe, and the International Organization for Migration<\/a> estimates that around 27,000 people have died in the Mediterranean since 2014. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 
Meanwhile, the European Union still does not put forward a comprehensive migration policy that actually manages the flows and is not limited to controlling, expelling, and externalising, when what is needed are policies that address migration as a structural phenomenon to manage it in a more effective, decent, and humane way. For the moment, what the EU is proposing is a Pact on Migration and Asylum<\/a>, which is expected to enter into force in April 2024. The agreement attempts to strike a balance between the two opposing camps: the countries on the external border demanding more help in handling asylum seekers, and those on the interior arguing there are too many migrants arriving and that they are moving too freely within the EU. The Pact establishes a stricter asylum procedure for migrants considered unlikely to be accepted, while creating a mechanism allowing member states the option to accept a certain number of migrants each year or, alternatively, to contribute financially to a joint EU fund.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The EU has placed migration and the international protection of asylum seekers within a security and control paradigm, with little room for consideration of human rights. If adopted, the Pact would consolidate some of the most problematic aspects of the EU’s current asylum system, in particular as regards the rules of the Dublin Convention<\/a> linking asylum applications to the place of entry and the use of border procedures. This would be in contradiction with Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union<\/a>, which states pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity, and equality between women and men prevail in the EU. It is also worth remembering that all member states are obliged to respect the European Convention on Human Rights<\/a> and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union<\/a>, which protects the right to seek asylum. Somehow, then, member states are acting against commitments that are at the core of the system as a sine qua non<\/em> for EU membership.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, European leaders are keen to conclude agreements with countries such as Turkey, Egypt, and Tunisia, in the midst of autocratic drift, to prevent refugees and migrants from reaching European shores. A formula launched by Turkey (since the signing of the 2016 EU-Turkey<\/a> agreement on migration control, Europe has paid the Ankara regime around \u20ac6 billion to contain migration flows from Syria, the Middle East, and Asia) and which was replicated shortly thereafter with Libya. A few weeks ago, the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, announced aid of up to \u20ac1 billion to guarantee the financial stability of Tunisia, with an immediate outlay of \u20ac150 million, to stop the economic crisis and reduce the flow of migrants. In addition, the EU will allocate \u20ac105 million to strengthen border control by the country\u2019s security forces. Besides, Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, recently announced an immediate contribution of \u20ac20 million to Egypt for migration management and \u20ac80 million more to boost surveillance of its borders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

From what we have just reviewed, it appears that it is Giorgia Meloni (not in vain she accompanied von der Leyen on her trip to Tunisia) who is currently setting the pace of European migration policy while the messages emanating from the European institutions reveal a change of position regarding recent years. For example, a decade ago, only the extreme right was putting the focus of immigration on human traffickers and the so-called “call effect” that rescue NGOs have, but now this discourse is increasingly widespread, standardised, and accepted in Brussels and most European capitals. A recent example of this is the collapse, a few days ago, of the government coalition in the Netherlands because of internal differences over migration policy. The Prime Minister, the liberal Mark Rutte, wanted to apply new limits to family reunification policies for refugees to mitigate the pressure on the reception system. While the conservatives (CDA) accepted it, the most progressive partners on social issues (D66) and the Christian Democratic Union, with a Protestant orientation, opposed it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even more ominously, this adjustment is not limited to the migration problem and affects other issues such as the EU\u2019s climate plans. The shifting to the right of the European People\u2019s Party (EPP) could herald a new era in Europe. The policy of non-cooperation with the extreme right defended until now by German Christian Democracy is breaking down and the failure of this policy could have enormous significance, since a far-right Germany in government could mean the end of the European Union as we have known it thus far. In parallel, after the next elections to the European Parliament in 2024, Social Democrats could stay out of the European Commission for the first time since its creation in 1966 if the alliance between right-wing conservatives and populists advocated by Manfred Weber, leader of the EPP, takes place. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the phenomenon goes beyond European borders and operates within a global context where the nature of migration has changed greatly since the first international rules<\/a> governing the admission of refugees were established in 1951, deliberately limiting the enforcement to those persecuted for their political beliefs, religion, identity, or social class. Nevertheless, international law has not adapted to address modern threats such as violence and conflicts caused by armed gangs or civilian militias, loss of arable or habitable land due to climate change, the economic collapse of many countries, which pushes people to emigrate, etc. While some of these problems are not new, the call effect has multiplied among candidates for migration, and as a result, their number has increased greatly, thanks to more accessible transport systems, the communication of mobility opportunities via the Internet and the intensification of these threats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In short, the factors that drive people to emigrate will not disappear; on the contrary: the worsening of climate change, the proliferation of armed conflicts with civilian actors, the growth of economic inequalities, and imbalances in demographic dynamics between continents will only intensify. It is therefore becoming increasingly urgent to put aside obsolete tools that no longer work and to find innovative solutions that put the human being at the centre of action and that allow to address the problem according to the current context. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Photography: Adobe Stock.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sara Garc\u00eda and \u00c0lex Berengueras, trainee students at the CETC, have participated in this issue of Diari de les idees<\/em>.<\/sub><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As the tragedy of a few weeks ago off the Greek coast illustrates, deterrence measures do not stop irregular migration but force migrants into ever more dangerous routes. The whole of Europe should reflect on these repeated, predictable, and avoidable tragedies. The construction of walls and fences or the transfer of responsibility are nothing more than the justification of the so-called “Fortress Europe” strategy to isolate itself from the migratory impact of the global crises (political, social, economic, and climate), which have become one of the characteristic features of the 21st century geopolitical landscape. In this regard, the Global Trends\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":63764,"template":"","category_newspaper":[563],"segment":[],"subject":[],"class_list":["post-63778","newspaper","type-newspaper","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_newspaper-563"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDiari de les idees - The migration drama: predictable and avoidable – IDEES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/diari-de-les-idees-el-drama-migratori-previsible-i-evitable\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diari de les idees - The migration drama: predictable and avoidable – IDEES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As the tragedy of a few weeks ago off the Greek coast illustrates, deterrence measures do not stop irregular migration but force migrants into ever more dangerous routes. 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