{"id":81150,"date":"2025-06-19T07:18:47","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T05:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/"},"modified":"2025-06-19T13:00:53","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:00:53","slug":"idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans","status":"publish","type":"newspaper","link":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/","title":{"rendered":"Idees d&#8217;actualitat &#8211; The ocean governance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/civil-society\/un-ocean-conference\">recent United Nations Ocean Conference<\/a> (UNOC) in Nice brought together nearly 30,000 participants from 150 countries to discuss the sustainable management of maritime spaces. The celebration of this event reflects the significant change in marine governance that has taken place over the past decades, and of which the Conference itself is a part. While ocean governance was originally designed to protect the marine interests of states, today it also must address the many climate and environmental challenges facing the oceans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To understand what is at stake, we must briefly refer to the evolution of marine governance, which since the end of the Cold War has shifted the focus from the interests of states to a multilateral approach, with the participation of a wide range of actors (international organizations, NGOs, companies, among others). The structure of marine governance was gradually defined in the 1980s, with the adoption of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/convention_agreements\/texts\/unclos\/unclos_e.pdf\">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/a> (UNCLOS) in 1982, which entered into force in 1994 after a long process of international negotiations that resulted in the ratification of the text by 60 states. Since then, the Convention has been a pillar of marine governance, with the creation of new institutions, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/enb.iisd.org\/negotiations\/international-seabed-authority\">International Seabed Authority<\/a>, which is responsible for regulating the exploitation of mineral resources on the seabed in areas beyond national jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Subsequently, the early 1990s marked a turning point in the traditional maritime legal order: the management of the seas and oceans began to be considered from an environmental perspective, with major international conferences and declarations such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/spanish\/esa\/sustdev\/agenda21\/riodeclaration.htm\">Rio Declaration<\/a> (1992), the <a href=\"https:\/\/research.un.org\/es\/docs\/dev\/2000-2015\">Millennium Declaration<\/a> (2000) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/es\/conferences\/environment\/rio2012\">Rio+20 Summit<\/a> (2012) which ended up giving rise to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/es\/development-agenda\/\">Sustainable Development Goals<\/a> (SDGs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In parallel, and as awareness of the issues affecting the oceans and their link to climate change has grown, the expansion of the ocean agenda has been driven by a more ecological orientation, with scientific communities and environmental NGOs at the forefront. However, marine governance has so far relied mainly on non-binding declarative measures (such as the SDGs) that have been largely ineffective. The challenge is therefore to complement existing international maritime law with a new set of measures, such as the adoption of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/fr\/2023\/08\/01\/marine-biodiversity-landmark-agreement-adopted\/\">Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction<\/a> (known as the BBNJ Agreement) with the aim of protecting marine resources on the high seas and alleviating the shortcomings of UNCLOS through the creation of an instrument on marine biodiversity in areas outside national jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everywhere, powers and smaller countries alike are expanding naval capabilities and bolstering coastal defences. These moves aim to protect coastlines, secure maritime trade routes, assert ocean claims, and bolster global influence. As terrestrial resources dwindle, competition for sinkers, seafloor minerals, and other marine resources intensifies. This tension is fuelled by changes in the world&#8217;s demographic, economic, and diplomatic centres of gravity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the same way that other areas of the rules-based world order are under strain, so too is UNCLOS. For example, the United States has unilaterally expanded its continental shelf, approved deep-sea mining in national and international waters without waiting for global rules, and abandoned negotiations to curb shipping emissions. Meanwhile, China continues to reject the 2016 <a href=\"https:\/\/pca-cpa.org\/\">Permanent Court of Arbitration<\/a>&#8216;s ruling on the disputed territories of the South China Sea, citing historical rights to assert its claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, the participants in the Nice conference have been drawing up an action plan that has been the subject of previous negotiations within the UN for the past two years. The <a href=\"https:\/\/letsbenicetotheocean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/UNOC3_declaration_REV1-Annotated-LetsBeNicetotheOcean_06March2025.pdf\">document<\/a> warns of the global emergency situation in which the oceans find themselves due to rising temperatures, plastic pollution and the extinction of numerous forms of marine life, which could profoundly affect marine ecosystems and the ocean food chain but also human life, as the oceans absorb 90% of excess heat and 26% of CO\u2082 emissions due to human activities. It also highlights the need to dedicate some 175 billion dollars per year over the next five years to deploy the main global control mechanisms, although so far barely 10 billion dollars have been allocated for the next four years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the window of opportunity to reach this goal is shrinking rapidly. Rising global temperatures, higher-than-previously thought acidification levels, destruction of marine ecosystems, and overfishing have already caused serious damage that risks being exacerbated by the potential rapid increase in deep-sea mining, as the United States and other countries appear poised to accelerate deep-sea mining operations with potentially irreparable damage to marine ecosystems. In response, 37 countries (including the United Kingdom and France) have supported the establishment of a moratorium based on compelling reasons: first, we do not have a complete scientific understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and the irreversible damage that mining can cause; secondly, we do not have the necessary regulatory and control mechanisms; and finally, there is no comprehensive assessment of the long-term environmental, social, and even geopolitical risks of deep-sea mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, to provide clean, reliable, and affordable energy, offshore wind farms, floating solar farms and kinetic energy from currents and tides must form an important part of the solution. A low-emission international merchant fleet is also crucial to ensure the continuous flow of maritime trade that underpins global trade and secures the movement of food and energy around the world. To scale up total food production and strengthen the resilience of global supply chains, scaling up sustainable aquaculture and ensuring responsible international management of fish stocks will be essential. These efforts would also relieve pressure on terrestrial ecosystems and reduce the consumption of already scarce freshwater resources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultimately, without coordinated global action, unilateral actions could irreparably damage fragile marine ecosystems and undermine international ocean governance. The international community must maintain existing transparent processes that ensure good governance and safeguard the long-term health of ocean ecosystems. More than unilateral and potentially harmful state measures, urgent multilateral commitments and their coordinated implementation are needed to safeguard the most vital and vulnerable ecosystems on the planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>Photography: Sea foam at Ocean Beach. San Francisco. Brocken Inaglory. Creative Commons&nbsp;Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported&nbsp;license.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>Marta Dato and Maria Fuxi Cervera, trainees at the CETC, have participated to this issue of<em> Idees d&#8217;actualitat<\/em>.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The recent United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) in Nice brought together nearly 30,000 participants from 150 countries to discuss the sustainable management of maritime spaces. The celebration of this event reflects the significant change in marine governance that has taken place over the past decades, and of which the Conference itself is a part. While ocean governance was originally designed to protect the marine interests of states, today it also must address the many climate and environmental challenges facing the oceans. To understand what is at stake, we must briefly refer to the evolution of marine governance, which since the\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":81117,"template":"","category_newspaper":[634],"segment":[],"subject":[],"class_list":["post-81150","newspaper","type-newspaper","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_newspaper-634"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Idees d&#039;actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Idees d&#039;actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The recent United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) in Nice brought together nearly 30,000 participants from 150 countries to discuss the sustainable management of maritime spaces. The celebration of this event reflects the significant change in marine governance that has taken place over the past decades, and of which the Conference itself is a part. While ocean governance was originally designed to protect the marine interests of states, today it also must address the many climate and environmental challenges facing the oceans. To understand what is at stake, we must briefly refer to the evolution of marine governance, which since the\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IDEES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-19T11:00:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1493\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/\",\"name\":\"Idees d'actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-19T05:18:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-19T11:00:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1493},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Inici\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Diari de les idees\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/analisis\\\/diari-de-les-idees\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Idees d&#8217;actualitat &#8211; The ocean governance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/\",\"name\":\"IDEES\",\"description\":\"Contemporary global issues\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revistaidees.cat\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Idees d'actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Idees d'actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES","og_description":"The recent United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) in Nice brought together nearly 30,000 participants from 150 countries to discuss the sustainable management of maritime spaces. The celebration of this event reflects the significant change in marine governance that has taken place over the past decades, and of which the Conference itself is a part. While ocean governance was originally designed to protect the marine interests of states, today it also must address the many climate and environmental challenges facing the oceans. To understand what is at stake, we must briefly refer to the evolution of marine governance, which since the\u2026","og_url":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/","og_site_name":"IDEES","article_modified_time":"2025-06-19T11:00:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":1493,"url":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/","url":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/","name":"Idees d'actualitat - The ocean governance &#8211; IDEES","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/revistaidees.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1","datePublished":"2025-06-19T05:18:47+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-19T11:00:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/revistaidees.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/revistaidees.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sea_foam_at_Ocean_Beach_in_San_Francisco_-1_on_3-25-11.jpg?fit=2000%2C1493&ssl=1","width":2000,"height":1493},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/idees-dactualitat-la-governanca-dels-oceans\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Inici","item":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Diari de les idees","item":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/analisis\/diari-de-les-idees\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Idees d&#8217;actualitat &#8211; The ocean governance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/#website","url":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/","name":"IDEES","description":"Contemporary global issues","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspaper\/81150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspaper"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/newspaper"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspaper\/81150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81154,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspaper\/81150\/revisions\/81154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category_newspaper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category_newspaper?post=81150"},{"taxonomy":"segment","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/segment?post=81150"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistaidees.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=81150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}